Computational fluid dynamics in filters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Computational fluid dynamics in filters - Essay Example Essentially, a CFD simulation protocol is so computationally intensive and involves such esoteric mathematical skills (because it involves the solution of non-linear partial differential equations) that individual efforts at completion of these Herculean tasks is next to impossible. So, recently many software companies have sprung up that provide requisite software tools for the same (most notably FLUENT). The operational protocol of such companies (e.g. FLUENT) is briefly outlined below.A virtual prototype of the fluid model to be examined is built within the ambit of a Computer Aided Design (CAD) package which is characterized by a unique and suitable computational mesh which in turn is created after accounting the boundary conditions and specific fluid material properties for the operation. Standard preprocessing software tools such as GAMBIT, TGrid and G/Turbo are supplied to the customers by these companies. The rest of the protocol is efficiently conveyed in the following state ment in the official fluent.com home page, "CAD geometries are easily imported and adapted for CFD solutions in GAMBIT, Fluent's own preprocessor. 3D solid modelingoptions in GAMBIT allow for straightforward geometry construction as well as high quality geometry translation. Among a wide range of geometry tools, Boolean operators provide a simple way of getting from a CAD solid to a fluid domain. A state-of-the-art set of cleanup and conditioning tools prepares the model for meshing. GAMBIT's unique curvature and proximity based "size function" produces a correct and smooth CFD-type mesh throughout the model. Together with our boundary layer technology, a number of volumetric meshing schemes produce the right mesh for your application. Parametric variations are also inherent to the process." For varied computational mesh requirements, other meshing tools as ANSA, Harpoon, Sculptor and YAMS are available. SOLVING [1] This step involves computer simulations of real world conditions by evaluating and assessing product functional efficiency in the specified boundary conditions. Several commercially available suites of softwares, most notable of them being FLUENT, FloWizard, FIDAP, and POLYFLOW (from FLUENT Corporation) boasts of intensive and flexible parallel computing capabilities that enables faster and accurate modeling by solving flow dynamics mathematics involving Navier-Stokes and Eulerian equations. An ideal software suite should have the following attributes- (a) An interactive platform that allows changes to be affected during analysis which saves time and enable more efficient refinement of designs thereby making the learning curve shorter and modeling process faster. (b) Physics and interface functions should be customizable according to design requirements. CFD FOR FILTERS 4 (c) Computational mesh capability should be dynamic and adaptive enough to be compatible with a wide range of physical prototypes which will enable modeling complex moving objects in relation to flow. POST-PROCESSING [1] It is the final step in CFD simulation where the data gathered in the previous computing step is harvested and analyzed in detail to provide a layman's interpretation of the same for broader comprehension and interpretation. Several layers of reporting of the same set of data can be done according to the audience,

Implications for the Improvement of Practice Research Proposal

Implications for the Improvement of Practice - Research Proposal Example It is critical for educationalists to distinguish between concerns connected to academic motivation and individual needs linked to students’ disabilities that are unrecognized by a range of classroom teachers. Accordingly, many talented special needs students have failed to realize their potentials. The underachievement of talented and gifted student has troubled both educators and parents. Frequently, special need students who demonstrate great academic potential fail to perform at a level commensurate with their capabilities. The underachieving special need students lack self-efficacy, self-regulation skills and goal-directedness (Siege & McCoach, 2001). In addition, some students that achieve less suffer from hidden or obvious disabilities. Moreover, others may underachieve in reaction to inappropriate educational conditions and environments. The number of underachieving special needs student presently remains unknown besides the academic gap between the number of such students with hidden talents and abilities. Subsequently, it is time for further study and inquiry in this topic so that special needs students that are underachieving can receive shifted focus and programmatic interventions. Also, it is mandatory to explore a number of reasons for high ability students’ underachievement if the educators are serious in assisting to combat underachievement amongst the special needs students. There is need for intensive investigation by practitioners to determine whether student’s underachievement stems from; (1) A mismatch between the student and his school environment; (2)A personal characteristic such as low self-motivation, low self-efficacy and low self-regulation; (3)More serious physical, emotional or cognitive issues. Accordingly, educators need to design appropriate intervention mechanisms that address the particular area of need depicted by the individual special need students. Educators must recognize the need to distinguish the interventions

The Causes Of Information Overload

The Causes Of Information Overload Developments in information and communication technology have facilitated the generation of management information considerably. Thus, managers are confronted increasingly with an information flood which provides more information than managers are able to process. This results in an information overload, which, while being advantageous, also carries considerable problems for both consumers and manager. This paper presents the scientific controversy surrounding the information overload problem, its behavioural background and the implications made. Analysis of the subjectively perceived information overload of managers in various managerial fields is presented in the second part. The suggestion, that the subjectively perceived information overload is positively related to the disposable information volume, was confirmed 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.0.1 BACKGROUND The acquisition of knowledge, and the use of this knowledge as information, represents an important factor in corporate planning in an age of dynamic market developments. It has become an important economic variable alongside production factors such as work and capital. The exploitation of this factor represents a considerable element for market-orientated corporate management Recent publications have suggested increasingly that the amount of disposable information in (marketing) management exceeds the human processing capacity. Frequently used catchphrases in these discussions are information flood and scarcity of information in an age of surplus information (Bradley, 2000). The information overload problem arises due to the interplay of the technology-related information supply and the information demand derived from the information and decision behaviour of marketing managers. An information overload on the part of the manager is viewed as being detrimental to the efficiency of the various decision processes (Bradley, 2000). Communication and information management system has never been before so easily accomplished as today. With the simple click of a button, internal and external communication can be so effortlessly achieved as with the use of phone connections and desktop computers or laptop devices. It also provides for less capital outlays on the part of the company, as it proves to be the cheapest and most accessible way of transmitting information through a wide variety of media or channels. 1.0.2 BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM Innovation of information technologies have been presented to us in so many ways, that one may now feel an overload of information, achieving a diminishing marginal utility status in our brains. Therefore, we need to organize and reorganize these pieces of information constantly as to be able to keep track of which are valuable to us and which ones are not 1.0.3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY All the above will be achieved through primary or secondary research, the use of recommended material and lecture notes, different books, websites and search engine. 2.0 INFORMATION OVERLOAD THEORY Lossee (1999) in article for the Journal of Information Sciences defined information overload as the economic loss associated with the examination of a number of non- or less-relevant messages, as in related to information retrieval models. According to Bawden (2001) the concept of information overload defines situations where an individual is presented with an amount of data which exceeds his or her cognitive capacity. Bradley, (2000) defined information overload as degradation of information. Degradation of information occurs when information is noise like, irrelevant, and interferes with desired signals and when it is redundant, banal, or does not tell enough of interest. One of several definitions of information overload is that there is too much information available in both print and electronic form so that when individuals attempt to sort out the appropriate, relevant and current information from everything else they develop feelings of helplessness (Lossee, 1999). A second definition of information overload is that the mere presence of more information than an individual could possibly assimilate, absorb and synthesize engenders feelings in individuals that the task of finding the information is an onerous one (Payne, 1998). Put another way, information overload occurs when individuals are aware of relevant information but do not have the time to locate and use that information. Even using Web tools like search engines to find information may result in data smog, that is, finding poorly constructed sites or sites of questionable authority. The last definition of information overload is that as the explosion in information continues to grow in a seemingly exponential manner, the individuals ability to be selective in finding and retrieving information does not subsequently grow in tandem (Schroder et al, 1997). The quality of information varies considerably because anyone can publish Web pages provided they have access to a Web server. Information overload is equated with the proliferation of available data and publications and ever-more-comprehensive and widespread automated means of access to them (Schroder et al, 1997). Moreover, research that purports to address the dilemma of information overload does not define or measure it in a fashion that supports its taken for granted cultural status. Solutions to information overload include renewed or revised input from the human intermediary (Payne, 1998) or prioritizing operations performed in electronic environments (Losee, 1999). Studies suggesting solutions to overload are conducted in business settings and embrace decision-making theory and profit motives (Losee, 1999). 3.0 THE CAUSES OF INFORMATION OVERLOAD Having too much information and staffing resources are difficult to manage information effectively, which adds information glut and eventually causes inefficiencies in productivity growth. We cant do anything about the general information overload in our culture, but we can control overload in the context of our marketing messages. First, lets look at what can create information overload in your communications. 3.0.1 LACK OF CLARITY When a person does not understand something, information is nothing more than random data. Even short messages can overwhelm people if the meaning is not clear. In advertising, this is often caused by too many writers working on a single project a sure way to muddle a message. It is also caused by repeat facts without understanding them, by not having a tangible purpose for writing, and by striving to impress rather than communicate. 3.0.2 SEMANTIC DISTORTIONS The word semantic refers to the meaning of words not just the dictionary meaning but the total meaning as interpreted by a reader or listener. This can vary widely depending on education, experiences, and beliefs. You must always ask questions about the perceived meaning of your messages: Do your words say what you intend them to say? Is your headline too clever? Do you get lost in a narrative? Is your tone too upscale? Do you spend too much time on the problem and not enough time on the solution? (Summers, 2004). 3.0.3 POOR RETENTION Generally, direct marketing is more concerned with immediate decisions than image-building or branding. However, its beneficial for people to remember favorable facts about your business (Summers, 2004). Do you make the impression you want to make? Do your prospects hear you? Understand you? Even loyal customers or donors seldom remember much about you. You must continually educate them. 3.0.4 POOR PLANNING Have you thought this through? Is this the best time for your pitch? Is this the best offer? Are you using the best lists? Do you have the best placement? Are you appealing to the best markets? Even the very best copy cannot overcome faulty planning. 3.0.5 DISTRUST People are by nature suspicious. Evolutionary biologists have even said that one of the primary functions of the human brain is to be a cheater detector. You might bend over backwards to be honest, but do people believe you? Are you open and generous with information about your organization? Do you offer a fair guarantee? Do you carefully describe your product or service or programs? Are there drawbacks you should point out? 3.1 THE CURES FOR INFORMATION OVERLOAD Information overload is a human problem that needs a human solution. Before we can design better software, we first need to understand and address our own abilities (or inabilities) to manage information and organize our work day. If we cant do it ourselves, how can we teach software to do it for us? It will just be a case of the blind leading the blind. Technology is a tool for personal productivity, not a replacement. It cant exhibit the good judgment of a human being. Technological solutions can only be as good as the people using and developing it (Haider, and Bawden, 2007). Technology alone wont solve all our personal productivity and information overload problems it can only ease them. If we are inefficient to begin with, no amount of technology will fix that. It will just mean youre inefficient with an expensive toy 3.1.1 KNOW WHEN TO TAKE ACTION Seeking out that latest article can be just one more form of procrastination that keeps you from accomplishing your real goal. Every now and then, stop and assess the information you already have. Do you have enough to move forward right now? If you do, go for it. If you dont, only research the areas that you dont have enough data for yet (Scammon, 1997). 3.1.2 SORT YOUR CURRENT INFORMATION You have huge piles of data, bookmarks for informative pages online, and lots of reference books but you cant find anything. Take the time to organize your data based on the actual goal you have in mind. Start from the beginning and find the information that helps you accomplish your first task, and keep a file for it. Then move on to the next step, and the next. That way you can actually use your information, instead of just collecting it. 3.1.3 KNOW WHEN TO STOP If youre getting soaked by the torrent of information online, its time to get out and dry off. If youre already feeling overwhelmed, take a break and assess what you already know. When you discover specific missing pieces of information you know you need, you can hop back into the water knowing just which drops you need to accomplish your goals. 3.1.4 WHEN TO CONTINUE Data assessors often feel overwhelmed by all the information out there, so its tempting to say Stop! Too much! Sometimes, though, you really dont have enough you just dont want to face the gushing river again. Be honest with yourself about whether youve really mastered a topic. If you need to know more, hold your breath and dive in again (Russo, 2004). 3.1.5 TAKE CONTROL OF EMAIL Dont start your day with email. Set your email so it doesnt download new mail automatically or, at the very least, turn off any alert system. Instead, set a time to check for messages manually preferably later in the day, after youve used your brainpower for more important things. Equally important is that others at your business know how you want email used. Emails should be short, concise, and used only when a conversation is not an option, says Adrian Moorhouse, managing director of executive coaching firm Lane4. The easier communication is to digest, the more likely it is that the messages will be delivered effectively. 3.1.6 BLINDSIDE THE DATA (APPROACH IT FROM AN UNEXPECTED DIRECTION) Break down complex information into sub-groups. Once youve determined a goal, you can chunk your work into groups to achieve it. You can also do this with your to-do lists. According to an experiment at Wilfred Laurier University, (Its About Time: Optimistic Predictions in Work and Love, European Review of Social Psychology) people are generally very bad at estimating when theyll finish their own work, but well at guessing for others. So gauge your timing by using someone elses experience. Youll be less stressed if youre realistic about your workload (Schroeder and Benbasat, 2000). 3.1.7 DO LESS To do less, you should delegate more. Too many managers cant resist the temptation personally to get involved in everything thats happening. But effective delegation means limiting the amount of information you have to process, as well as empowering those around you. Then, ask for regular briefings. 3.1.8 UNPLUG Many managers feel they cant shut off the fire hydrant of information. But they can take a break from it. Its tempting to think that more information makes for better decisions, says Penny de Valk, CEO of the UK-based Institute of Leadership and Management. But in most cases, it just erodes your focus. You need time to synthesize information and generate real intelligence. That takes discipline, of course, but its useful to stop thinking when you are stuck on a project so your brain can recover. You do need to switch off and rebalance your brain chemistry if youre going to come up with new ideas, says Rock. Stefan Sagmeister of New York-based design firm Sagmeister says he so much believes in the power of time off that he closes up shop for 12 months every seven years to pursue little experiments that he doesnt have time for in his daily life. 3.1.9 IMPROVED EFFICIENCY An online marketer would be more efficient in his or her work if he or she has complete access to useful resources. Only choose practical courses and information that can help you to improve your work and your business as well. Most programs that claim to be really effective and powerful produce minimal results. Therefore, instead of going for a program that is loaded with almost everything that they say you need, go for something that will give you the newest courses and techniques one at a time, well laid-out and smooth (Wilkie, 2001). 3.1.10 CONSISTENT TRAINING Every information technology has to be updated online with the latest information overload solutions and marketing strategies applicable in the business. By having a laid out program, you are to learn new things about online marketing regularly. Hence, you will not run out of any ideas and your skills will continuously be honed as you learn something new each time. If youre not sure of the latest technologies and techniques, you and the business you are running will lag behind. 3.1.11 HOLISTIC KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT It is not enough that you settle for one reference material only. If you want to have a holistic development and have a deeper understanding about, how to overcome on information overload you should look into other courses and programs that have been proven by the entire business community (Virkus, 2003). If you look into these materials, you will learn more about the different techniques and will soon be able to find a way of doing it yourself. You can compete with it or at the least prevent information overload as you arm yourself with proper information overload solutions and strategies. 4.0 HOW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IMPROVE DECISION MAKING A majority of workers today are knowledge workers they spend time creating, distributing, or using information. Example: bankers, coordinators, caseworkers, counselors, community organizers, programmers, etc About 80% of an executives time is devoted to information receiving, communicating, and using it. Information is the basis for virtually all activities performed in an organization Best use of two key ingredients in organizations people and information Effective utilization of information systems in management Productive use of information Information is a resource to increase efficiency, effectiveness and competitiveness of an enterprise Some Examples of MIS Airline reservations (seat, booking, payment, schedules, boarding list, special needs, etc.) Train reservation Bank operations (deposit, transfer, withdrawal) 4.1 TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM Information system aims at processing data: to capture details of transactions, to enable people to make decisions, and/or to communicate between people and locations. 4.1.1 TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM Reasons for TP are recording, classification, sorting, calculation, summarization, storage and display of results 4.1.2 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM Provide information for decision support where information requirements that can be identified in advance Decisions supported by this frequently occur. 4.1.3 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM Assist with unique and non-recurring decisions, which are relatively unstructured mainly what factors to consider and what information are needed. New software should be used by the users in ABC Bank an there is evident of resistance for adopting change in using the new software due to the fact that such users are worried as they are acquainted of using the old software. Truly, culture and brain metaphor appear relevant to the situation as organization change in terms of software utilization is visible and this astounds to the culture of ABC Bank but, can impose such organizational conflicts and issues leading to diverse ideas as reflected within the organizations brain, the people comprising the ABC Bank (Schroder et al, 1997). The brain must be learning, self organizing, entity and that, the brains very hardware must disassemble, reorganize, restructure and in response to data. In most man-made machines, the data is external to the processing unit. It enters and exits the machine through designated ports but does not affect the machines structure or functioning as not so the brain reconfigures itself with every bit of data and then one can say that new brain is created every time single bit of information is processed. Thus, ABC bank will need to integrate and should go along with Decision Support System (DDS), as there maybe interactive computerized systems that help decision makers utilize data and models to solve unstructured problems with user friendly interface, data and expert knowledge (Schroeder, and Benbasat, 2000). While appreciating potential of technology, it may be noted that technology has not been received in totality by the decision makers and implementers, who are responsible for executing certain management plans in the field. Decision Support System offers the system, which captures knowledge of experts and acquirements of decision makers. In fact, DSS is software that establishes the required relations between the present conditions along with needed management requirement. 4.1.4 OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEM Combine word processing, telecommunications and data processing to automate office information. Draw on stored data as a result of data processing. It also includes handling of correspondence, reports and documents. 4.2 MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS Management is the act or skill of transforming resources (land, labor, capital and information) onto output to accomplish a desired result or objective. Planning Establishing goals and developing policies, procedures, and programs to achieve them Organizing Grouping activities and establishing organizational structures and procedures to ensure that the activities are performed Staffing Obtaining and training personnel to work in the organization in order to achieve goals and objectives Controlling Measuring performance against goals and objectives and developing procedures for adjusting goals, procedures, or activities. Communicating Transferring information on goals, objectives, and performance to personnel throughout the organization and the environment 4.3 TYPES OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION Seven types of information are necessary for top-level managers. 1. Comfort information: informs about current situation or achievement levels that are tuned to expectations. (Clients served, target achieved, patients treated, operations conducted, etc.) 2. Status information or progress information: keeps abreast of current problem and crises and changes (progress on office construction, status of research study, labor negotiation, grant application) 3. Warning information: signals that change for good or worse are occurring (stock price, turn over, client complaints, etc). 4. Planning information: descriptions of projects/programs due in future, knowledge of anticipated developments (future of funding, future of federal/provincial support) 5. Internal operations information: indicators on how organization/ program is performing. 6. External intelligence: information, gossip, and opinions about activities in the environment of the agency. Competition, funding policies, political changes, emerging social policies, etc. 7. Externally distributed information: annual report before release, quarterly progress report for donors, press releases about the agency, publicity material before printing, etc. Among these, the first five are internal to the organization. Two are external to the organization 5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS As an obvious fact, both consumers and managers face a more extensive supply of information and consequently face a rising risk of an information flood and a personal information overload. Based on the discussions above, it is found out that information is a key resource of the organization, together with people, finances and material assets. Thus, it is accepted to state that information is a business issue. The discussion above revealed that through effective information management of the organizations resources and systems, organization administrators can add value to the services delivered to customers, reduce risks in the organizations business, reduce the costs of business development and service delivery and encourage improvement in internal business processes and external service implementation. It is recommended that when developing an information system just commences to make sure it produces important information and not data. It is better to build a report that is ideal for a specific need then to make a report based on a predefined concession between several users. The shaped information will have value and increases insight into information needs and the way the business is looked at. Adding more and more information to the system and solving the problems as they occur will eventually lead to a system as mentioned. In fact, that is the way any functional Information System is developed. Having an experienced team helping you take the first steps and educating your staff in the first period can make all the difference.

Essay --

Love, one of the biggest aspects of human nature, affects everyone in different ways. In the novel by Stephen Chbosky, â€Å"the Perks of Being a Wallflower,† the main character Charlie, negatively affected by his loving relationship with his aunt Helen, develops many social issues. The novel, a coming of age story about overcoming many obstacles as a teenager, follows the main character, Charlie, and the challenges he faces. Throughout the story, Charlie struggles with the loss of his beloved aunt. When he begins High school, he has a harder time than the typical teenager for many reasons. His close relationship with his beloved aunt is the source of his companionship issues, depression, and insecurities. As a result of Charlie’s relationship with his aunt Helen, he develops companionship issues after her death. Having had such a close relationship with her, her passing greatly affects his relationships with other people. A shy, timid, and somewhat anti-social Charlie fears getting close to somebody again after his closest friend has passed. His inability to make friends shows when he t...

To Kill a Mocking Bird Character Analysis

â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird,† Arthur Raddled is thought to be a cruel and evil person; in reality, he is actually a very kind and generous person. His kindness is evident during the fire at Miss Muddies home. â€Å"Boo Raddled. You were so busy looking at the fire you didn't know it when he put the blanket around you. † (Attic's 96). This dialogue shows that Arthur Raddled is actually a very kind, caring person; he realized hat Scout was cold and he put his own blanket around her to keep her warm.He generously gave Scout the blanket, knowing she was cold and showing sympathy for Scout, who has even mocked Boo with Gem. This generous nature Arthur Ready Dollops Raymond is also another person who appears to be drunk and is disliked by the community, although in reality all he is drinking from his sack is coca-cola; he is actually a very gentle person, which is evident when he tells Scout, â€Å"l try to give ‘me a reason, you see?Dollops Raymond realizes that the c ommunity dislikes and shuns mixed race families, so he fakes being drunk to give Macomb a reason for him marrying a black woman. He realizes that people would be more uncomfortable around him if they thought he was a N-lover, and instead makes them believe he Is married too black woman because he Is drunk. His reason for ‘drinking' shows that he is gentle with the public, so they aren't as uncomfortable with his family as they would be if he wasn't ‘drinking.

Imperialism during the Progressive Era Essay

Imperialism is defined as the policy of extending a nation’s authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political domination over other nations. Throughout the time period many people considered Imperialism as another way of reform and Progression. Economics, the military, and the countries nationalism were all ready for the change. This idea of expanding was called the New Manifest Destiny. At this time period, Imperialism was getting very popular, and many began to think that the more land a country annexed, the more powerful it was. Expansionists believed that European countries were already rapidly growing spreading across the globe. Also, they saw that if Americans did not join the imperialism rule, it would end up missing out on power, and may be considered a weaker nation. Imperialism was needed for economic gain and America urgently needed foreign trade, especially with China at this time period. In addition, The United States was cons idered to be a great empire and by not showing their strength and power they might be envisioned as a weak nation. At the same rate, many Americans also saw that if the United States started to take other countries by force, it would go against the ideals of our own country. If economic growth occurred, we would need to build and protect our new empires, and this could very easily be a problem. Three presidents at this time period were very influential in their progressive views. One of these was Theodore Roosevelt. â€Å"Speak softly and carry a big stick†, a quote by Roosevelt himself, expresses his â€Å"Big-stick† diplomacy, stating that the threat of military force would be used to influence politics in other countries. Next, Taft’s dollar diplomacy states that money can influence decision-making and that America should expand and invest out of the country. Finally, Wilson believed that Americans should spread the beliefs of human rights, democracy, and word peace. This idea was called the â€Å"Humanity† diplomacy. Another important factor was the Panama Canal. This canal was a very key factor in both trade, and military strategy. For many years, travelers looked for an easier way to trade from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and this was it. One of the weaknesses of Imperialism, is that whenever the United States saw problems in one of the local areas, such as Cuba having problems with Spanish rule, America felt  the need to intrude. Eventually, this lead to the Mexican revolution and the Philippine revolt.